In SQL, WHERE and HAVING differ in their application timing. WHERE is used before aggregation, while HAVING is used after. If 'quantity' is filtered in the HAVING clause, it refers to the SUM of quantities per country bucket, not the original 'quantity'. It's suggested to rename the aggregated column (e.g., 'total_quantity') for clarity. The choice between WHERE and HAVING depends on the need for filtering before or after aggregation.
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